How to cite a foreign case

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format, B20 / R21.5.

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format for a foreign case, governed by B20 / R21.5. Worked example, required elements, and the rules that apply.

A case from a non-U.S. domestic court.

Example

R v. Lockwood (1782) 99 Eng. Rep. 379 (KB).

Governing rules

B20 / R21.5

• T10 — geographical terms.
• 20 — foreign materials.
• 20.1 — jurisdiction (T10), given parenthetically.
• 20.3 — foreign cases.
• 20.3.1 — common law cases (deciding court parenthetically).

Required elements

• Case name

Optional elements

• Citation
• Pincite
• Jurisdiction (T2 / T10)
• Deciding court, in its own language
• Court abbreviation
• English translation of the court
• Deciding court (English/common-law abbrev.)
• Chamber / division
• Date or year
• Reporter or source, in the original language
• Explanatory note

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