How to cite a treaty

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format, B21 / R21.4.

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format for a treaty, governed by B21 / R21.4. Worked example, required elements, and the rules that apply.

Example

Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Estates, Inheritances, and Gifts, Fr.-U.S., Nov. 24, 1978, 32 U.S.T. 1935.

Governing rules

B21 / R21.4

• T4 — treaty sources.
• 21 — international materials.
• 21.4 — treaties & other international agreements.
• 21.4.2 — parties to the agreement (T10).
• 21.4.4 — date of signing.
• 21.4.5 — treaty sources.

Required elements

• Treaty name
• Date of signing

Optional elements

• Parties — R21.4.2: name the parties for a bilateral treaty; omit for multilateral.
• Organization
• Founding document of the organization
• Subdivision
• Treaty sources (one per line) — R21.4.5: give one U.S. and one international source where both exist.
• Single source

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