How to cite a file in cloud storage

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format, B18 / R18.5.

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format for a file in cloud storage, governed by B18 / R18.5. Worked example, required elements, and the rules that apply.

Example

Benjamin Liebman, Empirical Research on Chinese Case Data, g.drv/liebman (Colum. L. Rev., Liebman on China, Google Drive) (last modified June 18, 2024) (on file with the Columbia Law Review).

Governing rules

B18 / R18.5

• 18 — the internet, electronic media & other nonprint resources.
• 18.5 — electronic storage media.

Required elements

None.

Optional elements

• Author
• Title
• Folder owner
• Folder name
• Service
• Last modified
• URL
• On file with

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