How to cite a audio recording

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format, B18 / R18.8.1.

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format for a audio recording, governed by B18 / R18.8.1. Worked example, required elements, and the rules that apply.

Example

Mitski, Be the Cowboy (CD, Dead Oceans Aug. 17, 2018).

Governing rules

B18 / R18.8.1

• 18 — the internet, electronic media & other nonprint resources.
• 18.8.1 — audio recordings on physical media.

Required elements

None.

Optional elements

• Artist / creator
• Title
• Single — R18.8.1: a single names the album it appears on.
• Album
• Time stamp
• Label
• Medium
• Date
• On file with

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