How to cite a file on storage media

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format, B18 / R18.5.

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format for a file on storage media, governed by B18 / R18.5. Worked example, required elements, and the rules that apply.

Example

Bluebook Invitational Schedule 2024 [BBI24_Sch.docx], Columbia Law Review (USB Drive, last modified Apr. 13, 2024) (on file with the Columbia Law Review).

Governing rules

B18 / R18.5

• 18 — the internet, electronic media & other nonprint resources.
• 18.5 — electronic storage media.

Required elements

None.

Optional elements

• Title
• File name
• Owner
• Storage medium
• Identifier
• Last modified
• On file with

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