How to cite a livestream

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format, B18 / R18.7.3.

Bluebook (22d ed.) citation format for a livestream, governed by B18 / R18.7.3. Worked example, required elements, and the rules that apply.

Example

NCAAW Iowa vs. South Carolina, at 1:49:50 (Fubo, aired Apr. 7, 2024, at 16:49 ET) (on file with the Yale Law Journal).

Governing rules

B18 / R18.7.3

• 18 — the internet, electronic media & other nonprint resources.
• 18.7.3 — live streaming media services.

Required elements

• On file with

Optional elements

• Commercial broadcast — R18.7.3: a commercial stream “aired”; a personal one “streamed”.
• Program name
• Account
• Platform / service
• Time stamp
• Date
• Time

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